The Indo-Aryan Languages (Cambridge), Ebooks (various), Literatura
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Colin . Masica
CAMBRIDGE LANGUAGE SURVEYS
General Editors:
B. Comrie, C. J. Fillmore, R. Lass, D. Lightfoot,
J.
Lyons, P.
H.
Matthews, R. Posner, S. Romaine, N. V. Smith,
N. Vincent
This series offers general accounts of all the major language families of the
world. Some volumes are organized on a purely genetic basis, others on a
geographical basis, whichever yields the most convenient and intelligible
grouping in each case. Sometimes, as with the Australian volume, the two
in any case coincide.
Each volume compares and contrasts the typological features of the
languages it deals with. It also treats the relevant genetic relationships,
historical development, and sociolinguistic issues arising from their role and
use in the world today. The intended readership is the student of linguistics
or general linguist, but no special knowledge of the languages under
consideration is assumed. Some volumes also have a wider appeal, like that
on Australia, where the future of the languages and their speakers raises
important social and political issues.
Already publshed:
The languages of Australia
R. M. W. Dixon
The languages of the Soviet Union
Benard Comrie
The Mesoamerican Indian languages
Jorge A. Suarez
The Papuan languages of New Guinea
William A. Foley
Chinese
Jerry Norman
Pidgin and creole languages, Volumes I and II
J. Holm
The languages of Japan
M. Shibatani
Fo rthcoming titles include:
Korean
Ho
-
min Sohn
The languages of South-East Asia
1.
A. Matisof
Austronesian languages
R. Blust
Slavonic languages
R. Sussex
Germanic languages
R. Lass
Celtic languages
D. MacAulay et al.
Romance languages
R. Posner
The languages of Native North America
Marianne Mithun
THE INDO-ARYAN
LANGUAGES
COLIN P. MASICA
Department of South Asian Languages and Civilizations
University of Chicago
of Camb'idg<'
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CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS
Cambridge
New York Port Chester Melbourne Sydney
I'
rig'" of Ih('
University
was Rrallll'l/ by
Hellry VI/I in
Published by the Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge
The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 1RP
40 West 20th Street, New York, NY 10011, USA
10Stamford Road, Oakleigh , Melbourne 3166, Australia
©
Cambridge University Press 1991
First published 1991
.
Printed in Great Britain at the Univers
i
ty Pr
b
s,Cambridge
British Library cataloguing in publication data
Masica, Colin P.
The Indo-Aryan languages.
-
(Cambridge
language surveys
)
.
1. Indie languages
r.
Title
491'.1
Library of Congress cataloguing in publication data
Masica, Colin P., 1931-
The Inpo-Aryan languages / Colin P. Masica.
p. em. - (Cambridge
.
language surveys)
Bibliography
Includes index.
ISBN 0-521 -23420-4
1. Indo-Aryan languages.
I. Title II. Series.
PK115.M37 1990
491'. 1-de19 88-37096 CIP
ISBN 0 521 23420 4
FP
CONTENTS
List of illustrations
List of tables
Preface
Acknowledgements
Note on transcription
\
page
ix
xi
xii
xiv
xv
1
Introduction
1
2
The modern Indo-Aryan languages and dialects
2.1 Indo-Aryan: a bird's eye view
2.2 "Language" vs. "dialect" in the Indo-Aryan context
2.3 Hindi and Urdu
2.4 Nomenclature
8
8
23
27
30
3
The historical context and development of Indo-Aryan
3.1 Genetic connections
3.2
Migration hypotheses and associated problems
3.3 The traditional Indian view
32
32
34
37
3.4 The newlinguistic environment
39
3.5 Subsequent spread of Indo-Aryan in the subcontinent and
beyon
d
43
3.6 Foreign inluences and contacts
3.7 Thehistorical stages of Indo-Aryan
3
.8 Sociolinguistic aspects ofthe history ofIndo-Aryan
3.9 Comparative r
econstruction
47
50
55
60
4
The nature of the New Indo-Aryan lexicon
4.1 General considerations
4.2 The traditional analysis:
tadbhava
and
tatsama
4.3 The Sanskrit element in NIA
4.4 The "foreign" element in NIA: Perso-Arabic
61
61
64
67
71
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