The New York Times - Tuesday, Literatura, Gazety, Magazyny
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Tonight,
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VOL. CLXII ....No. 55,940
NEW YORK, TUESDAY, OCTOBER 30, 2012
© 2012 The New York Times
STORM PICKS UP SPEED AND DISRUPTS MILLIONS OF LIVES
Power Lines and Trees Downed
in Flooded Ghost Towns
G.O.P. TURNS FIRE
ON OBAMA PILLAR,
THE AUTO BAILOUT
By JAMES BARRON
Hurricane Sandy battered the
mid-Atlantic region on Monday,
its powerful gusts and storm
surges causing once-in-a-genera-
tion flooding in coastal communi-
ties, knocking down trees and
power lines and leaving more
than 100,000 people in the rain-
soaked dark.
The enormous and merciless
storm unexpectedly picked up
speed as it roared over the Atlan-
tic Ocean on a slate-gray day and
went on to paralyze life for mil-
lions of people in more than a
half-dozen states, with extensive
evacuations that turned shore-
front neighborhoods into ghost
towns. Even the superintendent
of the Statue of Liberty left to ride
out the storm at his mother’s
house in New Jersey; he said the
statue itself was “high and dry,”
but his house in the shadow of the
torch was not.
The wind-driven rain lashed
sea walls and protective barriers
in places like Atlantic City, where
the Boardwalk was damaged as
water forced its way inland.
Foam was spitting, and the sand
gave in to the waves along the
beach at Sandy Hook, N.J., at the
entrance to New York Harbor.
Water was thigh-high on the
streets in Sea Bright, N.J., a
three-mile sand-sliver of a town
where the ocean joined the
Shrewsbury River.
“It’s the worst I’ve seen,” said
David Arnold, watching the
storm from his longtime home in
Long Branch, N.J. “The ocean is
in the road, there are trees down
everywhere. I’ve never seen it
this bad.”
In Queens, shortly after 7 p.m.,
a tree fell on a house, killing a 30-
year-old man, the police said. In
Manhattan, where the National
Weather Service measured gusts
of 54 miles per hour at 2 p.m., a
construction crane atop one of
the tallest buildings in the city
came loose and dangled 80
stories over West 57th Street,
across the street from Carnegie
Hall.
Water topped the sea wall in
the financial district, sending
cars floating in the rushing water.
“We could be fishing out our
windows tomorrow,” said Garnett
Seeking Votes in Ohio,
Romney Plays Down
Accomplishment
By JIM RUTENBERG
and JEREMY W. PETERS
TOLEDO, Ohio — The ad from
Mitt Romney showed up on tele-
visions here early Saturday
morning without the usual public
announcement that both cam-
paigns typically use to herald
their latest commercials: Chrys-
ler, a bailout recipient, is going to
begin producing Jeeps in China,
an announcer says, leaving the
misleading impression that the
move would come at the expense
of jobs here.
And so began the latest, and
perhaps most important, attempt
by Mitt Romney to wrest Ohio
into his column. His effort to do
so is now intently focused, at
times including statements that
stretch or ignore the facts, on
knocking down what is perhaps
the most important component of
President Obama’s appeal to
blue-collar voters in Ohio and
across the industrial Midwest:
the success of the president’s
2009 auto bailout.
Mr. Obama’s relatively strong
standing in most polls in Ohio so
far has been attributed by mem-
bers of both parties to the recov-
ery of the auto industry, which
has helped the economy here out-
perform the national economy. At
the same time, the industry’s per-
formance and the president’s
MICHELLE M
c
LOUGHLIN/REUTERS
MILFORD, CONN.
Waves crashed over homes on the shore. Most residents moved to higher ground.
Continued on Page A22
MICHAEL APPLETON FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
WEST 57TH STREET
A broken
crane at a construction site.
Empty of Gamblers and Full
Of Water, Atlantic City Reels
CRAIG RUTTLE/ASSOCIATED PRESS
MANHATTAN
Water breached the sea wall at Battery Park; the tide was to rise with a full moon.
Continued on Page A12
By THOMAS KAPLAN and N. R. KLEINFIELD
ATLANTIC CITY — The
weather chased them in all its
steadfast fury, as if mocking
them at every haven they tried.
The four of them — a mother, two
children and a cousin — thought
they could wait the monster out,
ride the luck that Atlantic City
promises.
But when water rose near their
home on Monday, they retreated
to a relative’s place. It flooded.
They sped to a school converted
into a shelter, but they could not
stay with their dog, a puppy
named Brooklyn. So they were
shuttled to the Sheraton Atlantic
City Hotel, not far from the famed
Boardwalk, where last-minute
evacuees were being put up.
Outside, the wind screamed
and ankle-deep water lapped at
the sides of the hotel. The power
was out and the hotel was run-
ning a backup generator. The
four of them were beyond
drenched.
“We’ve never experienced
anything like this,” said Cristal
Millan, 21, the cousin. “Hopefully
the house is still there. To be in
the middle of this is scary.”
Hurricane Sandy captured At-
lantic City and refused to let go.
As the rainwater and surging wa-
ters of the ocean that hugged its
beaches invaded its streets and
wrenched apart pieces of the
Boardwalk, the city was left an
anxious and isolated island. In-
side the casinos, no dice rolled,
no cards were dealt and no slots
beeped.
“The city is under siege,” said
Thomas Foley, the city’s chief of
emergency management. “Sandy
Libya Warnings
Were Plentiful,
But Unspecific
This article is by
Michael R.
Gordon
,
Eric Schmitt
and
Mi-
chael S. Schmidt
.
WASHINGTON — In the
months leading up to the Sept. 11
attacks on the American diplo-
matic mission in Benghazi, the
Obama administration received
intelligence reports that Islamic
extremist groups were operating
training camps in the mountains
near the Libyan city and that
some of the fighters were “Al
Qaeda-leaning,” according to
American and European officials.
The warning about the camps
was part of a stream of diplo-
matic and intelligence reports
that indicated that the security
situation throughout the country,
and particularly in eastern Libya,
had deteriorated sharply since
the United States reopened its
embassy in Tripoli after the fall of
Col. Muammar el-Qaddafi’s gov-
ernment in September 2011.
By June, Benghazi had experi-
enced a string of assassinations
as well as attacks on the Red
Cross and a British envoy’s mo-
torcade. Ambassador J. Christo-
pher Stevens, who was killed in
the September attack, e-mailed
his superiors in Washington in
August alerting them to “a secu-
Continued on Page A21
LIBRADO ROMERO/THE NEW YORK TIMES
BRONX
A sailboat that was moored in Long Island Sound crashed onto the rocks on City Island.
STAN HONDA/A.F.P. — GETTY IMAGES
A street between casinos
along the Boardwalk flooded.
THE PATH
Hurricanes and tropical storms generally lose strength once
they move over land, and Sandy is not expected to be an exception.
PAGE A21
LEAVING THE TRAIL
The presidential candidates withdrew abruptly
from campaigning on Monday after advisers concluded they should not
continue in the face of devastation to millions of people.
PAGE A11
HANGING PRECARIOUSLY
A crane on a 90-story tower under construc-
tion in Midtown Manhattan snapped, leaving tons of metal dangling
over 1,000 feet above the ground with no clear way to secure it.
PAGE A21
ONLINE
Video reports, photographs, interactive graphics and state-by-
state updates on the storm’s impact from reporters, editors and photog-
raphers at
nytimes.com
MARIO TAMA/GETTY IMAGES
ATLANTIC CITY
A man found a dry patch as the storm moved up the coast, pushing water inland.
Continued on Page A3
INTERNATIONAL A4-9
Clinton Seeks Algeria Backing
BUSINESS DAY B1-7
Book Publishers Cement Deal
SPORTSTUESDAY B8-13
N.B.A. Preview
Secretary of State
Hillary Rodham
Clinton met with
the president of Al-
geria in Algiers,
seeking his sup-
port for an emerg-
ing international
effort to push Is-
lamic militants out
of northern Mali, which has become a
sanctuary for terrorists.
The merger of Random House and Pen-
guin narrows the book business to a
handful of big publishers, and could
push the industry to adapt to the digital
marketplace.
Lebron James and the Miami Heat look
formidable, but there are many teams
eager to take their crown. A look at the
season ahead.
PAGE B9
PAGE B1
SCIENCE D1-7
A Matter of Security
Shake-Up at Apple
Two top executives at Apple, one deeply
involved in iPad and iPhone products
and the other the head of retail opera-
tions, are leaving.
Peter G. Neu-
mann, an 80-year-
old computer sci-
entist at SRI In-
ternational, is
leading an effort
to redesign com-
puters and soft-
ware from a
“clean slate” to
make them more secure.
PAGE B1
PAGE A4
NEW YORK A17-24
Long Island, Minus Hockey
NATIONAL A13, A16
Order Rejected in Martin Case
Long Islanders say the New York Is-
landers’ planned move to Brooklyn in
2015 carries a special sting, despite the
team’s chronic losses.
Judge rejected a prosecution request to
bar lawyers for George Zimmerman
from using social and traditional news
media to comment on the case.
PAGE A16
PAGE A17
PAGE D1
ARTS C1-7
Turkey’s Double-Edged Sword
EDITORIAL, OP-ED A26-27
ELECTION 2012 A10-12
Trying to Change the Rhythm
Joe Nocera
PAGE A27
Nostalgia for the Ottoman era is rising
everywhere from the movies to military
re-enactments and commercial art mo-
tifs, but the uncritical enthusiasm raises
concerns about revisionism.
Republicans are stepping up efforts to
narrow what has been a Democratic ad-
vantage in early voting in key battle-
ground states.
K
U(D54G1D)y+&!\!$!#!?
PAGE A10
PAGE C1
A2
THE NEW YORK TIMES, TUESDAY, OCTOBER 30, 2012
N
Inside The Times
INTERNATIONAL
NATIONAL
BUSINESS
QUOTATION OF THE DAY
Villagers in Morocco
Drive Out Prostitutes
Some hail the crackdown in the Mo-
roccan village Ain Leuh, known for
its sex trade, as a victory for com-
munity activism; others fear the in-
fluence of fundamentalist Islam.
PAGE A4
Low Turnout for Sicily Vote
Sicilians shunned regional elections
to renew the island’s Parliament in
record numbers, in an unequivocal
signal of growing disaffection with
Italy’s political class, even as the
center-left wrested control from
center-right parties that had gov-
erned the region since 2000.
PAGE A6
Failed Truce in Syria
A declared four-day holiday truce
between the warring factions in Syr-
ia ended much as it had begun —
with airstrikes, artillery barrages
and other firefights around the
country that made a mockery of the
cease-fire.
PAGE A6
Ukraine Vote Is Faulted
International observers delivered
scathing criticism of Ukraine’s par-
liamentary election, saying the vote
was heavily tilted in favor of Presi-
dent Viktor F. Yanukovich’s Party of
Regions through the abuse of gov-
ernment resources, the dominance
of media coverage and the jailing of
two prominent opposition lead-
ers. PAGE A8
Push to Release Elephant
Mali, believed to be the only ele-
phant in the Philippines, has been
the star attraction for tourists who
venture into her small, poorly fi-
nanced zoo in the Philippine capital.
But Mali has taken on international
fame as animal rights groups inten-
sify their campaigns to have her re-
leased. PAGE A9
Colorado Race Turns Fierce
After Anti-Obama Remark
A redrawn Congressional map in
Colorado and a Republican’s remark
about President Obama’s back-
ground have resulted in a fierce
campaign between Mike Coffman,
the Republican, and Joe Miklosi, the
Democrat. PAGE A10
Challenge to Eavesdropping
A challenge to a federal law that au-
thorized intercepting international
communications involving Ameri-
cans appeared to face an uphill
climb at the Supreme Court, but not
one quite as steep as many had an-
ticipated.
PAGE A13
Mazes Are New Cash Crops
All across the country, small farm-
ers have figured out a new formula:
letting people walk through a maze
carved from acres of corn can be
more lucrative than agriculture it-
self. PAGE A13
Google Unveils New Tablet
To Compete With Apple
With the addition of its new iPad
Mini, Apple offers touch-screen de-
vices in three sizes. Now Google is
matching that by introducing a tab-
let that is meant to compete directly
with the larger iPad. PAGE B2
Strong Quarter for Chrysler
Chrysler, the third-largest Detroit
automaker, said that its third-quar-
ter profit rose 80 percent on the
strength of new models, less debt
and steadily growing sales in both
American and international mar-
kets. PAGE B7
Italy and Spain Defer Plan
The leaders of Spain and Italy insist-
ed that neither country had near-
term plans to use the bond-buying
program that the European Central
Bank had offered, nor to support a
recent proposal for a supercommis-
sioner who might intervene in na-
tional budgets.
PAGE B3
‘‘
The city is under
siege. Sandy is pretty furi-
ous at Atlantic City. She
must have lost a bet or
something.
’’
THOMAS FOLEY,
chief of emergency manage-
ment in Atlantic City, which
was hit by high winds and
heavy flooding. [A1]
SCIENCE
Scientists Move Closer
To a Lasting Flu Vaccine
A flurry of recent studies on the flu
has brought some hope for a change.
Flu experts foresee a time when
seasonal shots are a thing of the
past, replaced by long-lasting vac-
cines. PAGE D1
Response Varies on Coyotes
While the long-running battle over
how best to protect the wolf has
drawn national attention, much of
the debate over urban coyote man-
agement is now playing out at a lo-
cal level.
PAGE D3
A Weak Spot for H.I.V.
South African researchers an-
nounced that they had found a vul-
nerable spot on the virus’s outer
shell that might present a good vac-
cine target. PAGE D5
Work to Do on School Menus
New nutritional standards for meals
in the nation’s public schools are not
going down well with many stu-
dents. But sensible and consistent
strategies at home and in school can
win them over, Jane E. Brody
writes. Personal Health. PAGE D7
NEW YORK
SPORTS
City Ends Preference Policy
For Gifted Programs
New York City education officials
are rolling out several changes to
the admissions process for gifted
programs as they confront an explo-
sion in the number of children quali-
fying for seats. PAGE A18
Up-and-Coming Runner
Catches Eye of a Coach
The distance runner Mary Cain, a
16-year-old high school junior, has
begun training under the tutelage of
Alberto Salazar, one of the country’s
top coaches whose protégés won
medals at the London Games.
PAGE B8
The Champions’ Champion
At 25, Buster Posey, the San Francis-
co Giants’ catcher and cornerstone,
has won as many championships as
Christy Mathewson, Willie Mays,
Willie McCovey, Juan Marichal and
Barry Bonds — combined, Tyler
Kepner writes. On Baseball.
PAGE B8
OBITUARIES
Ethel Person, 77
She was a Columbia University psy-
chiatrist who did pioneering re-
search on sexuality, visiting sex
shops and drag dance clubs to help
understand what motivated trans-
sexuals and transvestites, and con-
ducting studies on the role of sexual
fantasy in people’s lives. PAGE A23
ARTS
Corrections
Revisiting Leonardo
And The Last Supper
In “Leonardo and ‘The Last Sup-
per,’” Ross King describes the mak-
ing and preservation of one of the
world’s most famous paintings,
Michiko Kakutani writes. Books of
The Times.
PAGE C1
A Play Inspired by Alice
“AliceGraceAnon,” a meandering
theatrical essay by Kara Lee Cor-
thron, combines the nostalgic aroma
of 1960s experimental theater with
the gee-whiz spirit of a high school
musical, Jason Zinoman writes.
Theater Review.
PAGE C3
FRONT PAGE
An article on Saturday about
the chaotic life of Yoselyn Ortega,
the nanny accused of fatally stab-
bing two children in her care, in-
cluded incorrect information
from the New York Police De-
partment about her condition at
the time. Ms. Ortega was con-
scious; she was not in a medical-
ly induced coma.
BUSINESS DAY
An entry in the Looking Ahead
column on Monday about the in-
sider trading trial of Todd New-
man and Anthony Chiasson mis-
identified Mr. Newman’s former
employer. He was with Diamond-
back Capital Management — not
with Level Global, which was Mr.
Chiasson’s former employer.
(Jury selection was deferred on
Monday because of the court’s
closing in anticipation of Hurri-
cane Sandy.)
OP-ED
David Brooks
PAGE A27
Frank Bruni
PAGE A27
Crossword
C2
Health/Fitness
D5
Obituaries
A25
TV Listings
C6
Weather
D8
Commercial
Real Estate Marketplace
B2
NATIONAL
An article on Monday about ad-
vertising executives’ assess-
ments of presidential campaign
ads misspelled the surname of
the creator of a famous ad,
known as “It’s Morning Again in
America,” for President Ronald
Reagan’s re-election campaign in
1984. He was Hal Riney, not Rai-
ney.
THE ARTS
Because of an editing error, an
article on Monday about Holly-
wood’s efforts to restore cultural
relevance to the movies de-
scribed incorrectly the decline at
the domestic box office last year.
The decrease was in tickets sold,
to 1.28 billion; it was not a decline
in ticket sales revenue to $1.28
billion.
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with a response or concerned about
the paper’s journalistic integrity can
reach the public editor, Margaret
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THE NEW YORK TIMES, TUESDAY, OCTOBER 30, 2012
K
N
Plenty of Libya Warnings, but Not About Compound
From Page A1
rity vacuum” in the city. A week
before Mr. Stevens died, the
American Embassy warned that
Libyan officials had declared a
“state of maximum alert” in Ben-
ghazi after a car bombing and
thwarted bank robbery.
In the closing weeks of the
presidential campaign, the cir-
cumstances surrounding the at-
tack on the Benghazi compound
have emerged as a major political
issue, as Republicans, led by
their presidential candidate, Mitt
Romney, have sought to lay
blame for the attack on President
Obama, who they argued had in-
sufficiently protected American
lives there.
Interviews with American offi-
cials and an examination of State
Department documents do not
reveal the kind of smoking gun
Republicans have suggested
would emerge in the attack’s af-
termath such as a warning that
the diplomatic compound would
be targeted and that was over-
looked
MOHAMMAD HANNON/ASSOCIATED PRESS
Investigators had little access to the American Mission compound in Benghazi immediately after
the September attack. Fallout continues over how prepared the mission should have been.
by administration offi-
cials.
What is clear is that even as
the State Department responded
to the June attacks, crowning the
Benghazi compound walls with
concertina wire and setting up
concrete barriers to thwart car
bombs, it remained committed to
a security strategy formulated in
a very different environment a
year earlier.
In the heady early days after
the fall of Colonel Qaddafi’s gov-
ernment, the administration’s
plan was to deploy a modest
American security force and then
increasingly rely on trained Lib-
yan personnel to protect Ameri-
can diplomats — a policy that re-
flected White House apprehen-
sions about putting combat
troops on the ground as well as
Libyan sensitivities about an ob-
trusive American security pres-
ence.
In the following months, the
State Department proceeded
with this plan. In one instance,
State Department security offi-
cials replaced the American mil-
itary team in Tripoli with trained
Libyan bodyguards, while it also
maintained the number of State
Department security personnel
members at the Benghazi com-
pound around the minimum rec-
ommended level.
last period that we’ve been
there,” Patrick F. Kennedy, the
State Department’s under secre-
tary for management, told re-
porters at a news conference on
Oct. 10.
But David Oliveira, a State De-
partment security officer who
was stationed in Benghazi from
June 2 to July 5, said he told
members and staff of the House
Committee on Oversight and
Government Reform that he re-
called thinking that if 100 or more
assailants sought to breach the
mission’s walls, “there was noth-
ing that we could do about it be-
cause we just didn’t have the
manpower, we just didn’t have
the facilities.”
In developing a strategy to
bring about the fall of Colonel
Qaddafi, Mr. Obama walked a
fine line between critics of any
American involvement in Libya
and those like Senator John Mc-
Cain, Republican of Arizona, who
advocated a stronger American
leadership role. Mr. Obama’s ap-
proach — a NATO air campaign
supported by the United States —
was a success.
After Colonel Qaddafi’s fall, Mr.
Obama proceeded with equal
caution. He approved a plan to
send to Tripoli a 16-member Site
Security Team, a military unit
that included explosive-ordnance
personnel, medics and other spe-
cialists. “Day-to-day diplomatic
security decisions were managed
by career State Department pro-
fessional staff,” said Tommy Vie-
tor, a spokesman for the National
Security Council.
Agency enabled the United
States to interact with Libyans in
the eastern part of the country
from a city that had been the cra-
dle of their revolution.
But eastern Libya also had an-
other face. Though the region
had been a wellspring for the up-
rising against Colonel Qaddafi’s
government, it was also known
as one of the major sources of
militants who traveled to Iraq in
2007 to join the main terrorist
group there, Al Qaeda in Mesopo-
tamia.
The number of State Depart-
ment security agents at the com-
pound in Benghazi fluctuated,
sometimes dipping to as few as
two. Five American security
agents were at the compound on
Sept. 11 — three stationed there
and two traveling with Mr. Ste-
vens.
In addition to the Americans,
there were several armed Lib-
yans who served as a quick-re-
action force. The Americans were
also able to call on the February
17 Martyrs Brigade, a militia sup-
portive of the Libyan govern-
ment. Yet another small group of
Libyan guards stood watch at the
gates and perimeter of the com-
pound, but this group was un-
armed and equipped with only
whistles and batons.
When it came to weapons, the
American security team was out-
gunned. The Americans were
equipped with M4 rifles and side
arms. But Libya was rife with
rocket-propelled grenades, ma-
chine guns, mortars and AK-47s.
Much of the security depended
on maintaining a low profile.
When venturing into town, the
Americans drove a Toyota Land
Cruiser, from which they re-
moved the diplomatic plates and
which they intentionally did not
wash. At one point, Mr. Nord-
strom, the regional security offi-
cer, proposed establishing guard
towers, but the State Department
rejected that on the grounds that
it would make the compound
more conspicuous.
There was no doubt, however,
that there were many in Bengha-
zi who knew the compound’s lo-
cation. On June 6, a bomb was
planted near the American Mis-
sion’s outer wall, blowing out a
12-foot-wide hole. No one was in-
jured.
On June 11, the lead vehicle of
the British ambassador’s convoy
was hit by an armor-piercing
rocket-propelled grenade,
wounding a British medic and
driver. The British envoy left
Benghazi the next day, and the
British post in the city was closed
on June 17.
About the same time, the Red
Cross in the city pulled out after it
was attacked a second time.
“When that occurred, it was ap-
parent to me that we were the
last flag flying in Benghazi; we
were the last thing on their target
list to remove,” said Lt. Col. An-
drew Wood, the head of the mil-
itary security team in Tripoli.
In the event of a significant at-
tack, Mr. Oliveira noted, the
Americans were counting on the
February 17th Brigade to rush to
their aid, as it had during the
June 6 bombing. The embassy
had also established a series of
“trip wires,” classified bench-
marks about intelligence on at-
tack preparations or escalating
unrest that would prompt the
United States to evacuate the
Benghazi compound. But the trip
wires were not set off.
New security cameras with
night vision capability were
shipped to the Benghazi com-
pound but were still sitting in
crates when the September at-
tack occurred.
More Troubling Signs
The situation in eastern Libya,
meanwhile, remained perilous.
Small-scale camps grew out of
training areas created last year
by militias fighting Libyan gov-
ernment security forces. After
the government fell, these com-
pounds continued to churn out
fighters trained in marksman-
ship and explosives, American of-
ficials said.
Ansar al-Shariah, a local mil-
itant group some of whose mem-
bers had ties to Al Qaeda in the
Islamic Maghreb, a local Qaeda
affiliate, operated a militant
training camp whose location
was well known to Benghazi resi-
dents. On the Friday after the at-
tack, demonstrators overran it.
American intelligence agencies
had provided the administration
with reports for much of the past
year warning that the Libyan
government was weakening and
had little control over the militias,
including Ansar al-Shariah.
By early September, some Lib-
yan officials in Benghazi were
echoing the same security warn-
ings as Mr. Stevens was relaying
to Washington.
American officials continue to
investigate the militants who car-
ried out the attack. A Tunisian,
who was apprehended by Turk-
ish officials on a flight from Ben-
ghazi to Turkey and repatriated
to Tunisia, was also involved,
American officials said. It is not
yet clear if the attackers who par-
ticipated in the assault were
trained in the camps.
Looking back, Mr. Nordstrom
told a House hearing last month
that a major question was the in-
ability of the administration to re-
act to the worsening environ-
ment on the ground.
“I was extremely pleased with
the planning to get us into Libya,”
Mr. Nordstrom said. But after the
initial security teams began ro-
tating out of Libya months later,
he said, “there was a complete
and total absence of planning.”
Questions at Home
But the question on the minds
of some lawmakers is why the de-
clining security situation did not
prompt a fundamental rethinking
of the security needs by the State
Department and the White
House. Three Congressional in-
vestigations and a State Depart-
ment inquiry are now examining
the attack, which American offi-
cials said included participants
from Ansar al-Shariah, Al Qaeda
in the Islamic Maghreb and the
Muhammad Jamal network, a
militant group in Egypt.
“Given the large number of at-
tacks that had occurred in Ben-
ghazi that were aimed at Western
targets, it is inexplicable to me
that security wasn’t increased,”
said Senator Susan Collins of
Maine, the senior Republican on
the Homeland Security and Gov-
ernmental Affairs Committee,
one of the panels holding inquir-
ies.
Defending their preparations,
State Department officials have
asserted that there was no spe-
cific intelligence that warned of a
large-scale attack on the diplo-
matic compound in Benghazi,
which they asserted was unprec-
edented. The department said it
was careful to weigh security
with diplomats’ need to meet
with Libyan officials and citizens.
“The lethality of an armed,
masked attack by dozens of indi-
viduals is something greater than
we’ve ever seen in Libya over the
A Temporary Stay
From the start, the State De-
partment’s Bureau of Diplomatic
Security advised the embassy’s
security officer, Eric A. Nord-
strom, that he needed to develop
an “exit strategy” so that the
Tripoli-based team could be re-
placed by Libyan guards and
American civilian officials.
Charlene Lamb, one of the de-
partment’s senior diplomatic se-
curity officials, told members of
the House oversight committee
last month that by June, one of
her aides and Mr. Nordstrom had
identified a need for 21 security
positions and that 16 of them
were to be filled by Libyan body-
guards. Americans were to fill
the remaining slots, and two as-
sistant regional security officers
were also to be sent.
The security arrangements in
Benghazi appeared to receive lit-
tle scrutiny in Washington. Dur-
ing the Qaddafi government
there had not been a mission
there, and in December 2011 Mr.
Kennedy issued a memo to keep
the Benghazi mission open for
only a year.
Housed in a rented compound,
the mission and a nearby annex
used by the Central Intelligence
David D. Kirkpatrick and Suli-
man Ali Zway contributed report-
ing from Benghazi, Libya.
A4
N
TUESDAY, OCTOBER 30, 2012
Villagers
In Morocco
Drive Out
Prostitutes
Group Denies
It Is Extremist
By SUZANNE DALEY
AIN LEUH, Morocco — For
years, this mountain village
with its crumbling white-
washed walls was known lo-
cally as the place to go for sex.
Women — some dressed in
tight jogging suits, some in
dressing gowns — dallied in
the tiled doorways off the
main square, offering a Moroc-
can version of Amsterdam’s
red-light district.
But no more. A band of men
here, known as the Islamists,
took matters into their own
hands last fall.
The men deny that they
were on a religious campaign,
or that they are fanatics. They
were tired, they said, of living
side by side with drunken,
brawling clients, tired of hav-
ing their daughters proposi-
tioned as they headed home
from school, tired of being em-
barrassed about where they
lived.
“It reached a point after Ra-
madan,” said Mohammed
Aberbach, 41, who helped or-
ganize the campaign to drive
the prostitutes out of town,
“that men were actually wait-
ing in lines. It was crazy.”
These days the side streets
are quiet. The doors, painted
green and yellow, are mostly
shut, though a few prostitutes
remain, now trying to sell can-
dy instead of sex. In the
square, the pace has slowed,
fresh chickens and slabs of
meat hang for sale on hooks,
and villagers take their time
over displays of vegetables.
Nearby, women are bent over
looms making traditional Ber-
ber rugs.
The changes in Ain Leuh
are being held up by some in
Morocco as another triumph
of the Arab Spring — testa-
ment to what can happen
when ordinary citizens stand
up for change and make life
better for themselves.
For others, however, the
events of the past year show
how the more fundamentalist
Islamists, though continuing
to be shut out of power in
countries like Tunisia, Egypt
and Morocco, nonetheless
manage to promote their con-
servative agendas — often
taking the law into their own
hands, and in this case threat-
ening the prostitutes and their
customers and driving away
the only industry in these
parts.
“The economy is in free fall
here,” said Ali Adnane, who
works for a rural development
agency. “The girls rented.
They had cash. They bought
things. Some people here are
really happy about the
changes. But some people are
UMIT BEKTAS/REUTERS
The police used water cannons to disperse protesters in Ankara, the Turkish capital, on Monday. The holiday further revealed the country’s divisions.
In Turkey, a Break From the Past Plays Out in the Streets
By TIM ARANGO
ISTANBUL — At a reception
on Monday evening at the presi-
dent’s mansion to celebrate Tur-
key’s founding 89 years ago,
something previously unheard of
occurred: the country’s top mil-
itary commander stood alongside
the wives of the president and
prime minister, even while the
women
and military commanders. The
outcome could not only deter-
mine the future of Turkey but, as
it takes on a greater role in the af-
fairs of the Middle East, also
shape the region.
While many praise the dimin-
ished power of the military, crit-
ics say these struggles have also
laid bare the deficiencies of Tur-
key’s democracy, pointing in par-
ticular to the Islamist-leaning
government’s crackdown on dis-
sent and the press — there are
more journalists in jail here than
anywhere else in the world. That
has given rise to a chorus of frus-
tration that was on vivid display
in the streets Monday as Turkey
celebrated its birthday.
In Ankara, the capital, thou-
sands of secularist protesters
clashed with the riot police after
they went ahead with a rally to
celebrate Republic Day, the holi-
day marking Turkey’s founding
as a republic in 1923, that had
been banned by the government
of Prime Minister Recep Tayyip
Erdogan, vaguely citing intelli-
gence reports that the gathering
could become violent.
“It is telling for the state of de-
mocracy when the right to cele-
brate the national holiday in
one’s own peaceful way is
strained,” wrote Yavuz Baydar, a
columnist, in Monday’s edition of
the daily newspaper Today’s
Zaman.
Among the many changes
brought about by the govern-
ment of Mr. Erdogan, a pious
Muslim whose rule has trans-
formed Turkey’s economy but
alienated the secular old guard,
has been to decisively establish
civilian control over a military
that four times in the past 89
years has acted above the law to
remove elected governments. In
late September more than 300
military officers received prison
sentences for conspiring to over-
throw the government, in a trial
known as the Sledgehammer
case. The proceedings deeply po-
larized Turkish society, raised
questions about the independ-
tarianism of Mr. Erdogan, un-
derscored Turkey’s deep divides
and the threat they see to secu-
larism. Mr. Erdogan’s Justice and
Development Party has roots in
political Islam and close connec-
tions with Egypt’s Muslim Broth-
erhood.
In 2007 Turkey’s military
sought to halt Abdullah Gul’s rise
to the presidency because his
wife, like Mr. Erdogan’s, wears a
headscarf. And initially Turkey’s
first lady, Hayrunnisa Gul, avoid-
ed attending certain public
events in deference to the mil-
itary’s sensitivities. At the recep-
tion Monday night, Mr. Erdogan
alluded to that past by saying, in
remarks reported by the NTV
television network, “Shame on
the people who did not let me in
here with Mrs. Emine Erdogan
until today.”
Turkey seems increasingly
caught between its secularist
past and an unknown future. It is
undergoing a wrenching process
of writing a new constitution to
replace the one that was imposed
by the military after a coup in
1980, which could result in a new
system that enlarges the powers
of the presidency, now mostly a
ceremonial post. Mr. Erdogan
plans to run for president in two
years.
On Monday, several hundred
people waving flags bearing Ata-
turk’s picture gathered on Istiklal
Street, a pedestrian thoroughfare
lined with shops and cafes that is
the center of Istanbul’s vibrant
nightlife and where the few cov-
ered women are more likely to
wear Burberry headscarves than
the full face veils common in
places like Saudi Arabia.
“Turkey is secular and will re-
main secular!” was one chant.
“We are the soldiers for Musta-
fa Kemal!” was another.
Nilgun Tekir, a nurse, joined
the rally with her husband and
4-year-old son, whom she pushed
in a stroller. “We don’t want a
fundamentalist regime like in
Iran,” she said.
Murat Kucuk, 30, a restaurant
owner, wore a black T-shirt bear-
ing Ataturk’s visage while walk-
ing in the procession. “This is a
counterrevolutionm” Mr. Kucuk
said. “Today is Turkey’s biggest
day. It’s our heritage from Musta-
fa Kemal.”
These tensions are more often
displayed among the urban elite
in places like Istanbul than
among the more conservative
masses of the Anatolian heart-
land where Mr. Erdogan draws
much of his support. Such public
displays can appear in unlikely
places, as they did Sunday night
after Serena Williams defeated
Maria Sharapova in a tennis
match here. During the award
ceremony, politician after politi-
cian was booed loudly, even dur-
ing a speech by one of Mr. Erdo-
gan’s ministers, Fatma Sahin,
promising to bring the 2020 Sum-
mer Olympics to Istanbul.
Afterward, on her Twitter ac-
count, Ms. Sahin wrote, “I invite
those who do not understand the
effort shown here, do not see the
beauty in this championship, to
grasp the place Turkey has
reached. It is their duty to their
country to appreciate what has
been done here.”
wore
Islamic
head-
scarves.
In years past the military elite
would never have stood beside
women wearing a symbol long at
the center of Turkey’s struggle
over the role of religion in public
life. These men were heirs to the
traditions of Turkey’s secularist
founder, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk,
who zealously banished religion
from public life. They had for
years refused to attend such
gatherings — in protest of the
headscarf.
For many Turks, the reception
underscored an emphatic break
from a past when civilian leaders
were subservient to the military,
and Islam was filtered from pub-
lic life.
“The Turkish Army is now
withdrawing from politics,” said
Taha Akyol , a columnist for Hur-
riyet, a Turkish daily newspaper.
At a time when Turkey’s pros-
perity and its melding of demo-
cratic and Islamic values are be-
ing put forward as a model for an
Arab world in turmoil, the coun-
try is facing its own internal pow-
er struggles — between Islamists
and secularists, civilian leaders
A shift away from
secularism brings out
protesters on a
national holiday.
ence of the judiciary and seemed
at times to rely on fabricated evi-
dence. But the case represented a
turning point in Turkish history
by diminishing the power of the
military, for decades the enforc-
ers of secularism.
“The era of coups in this coun-
try will never return,” Mr. Erdo-
gan said in a recent speech.
One news report, in anticipa-
tion of Monday evening’s recep-
tion, declared, “This symbolic act
will mark the beginning of a new
era in civilian-military relations
in Turkey.”
The symbolism of the recep-
tion, as well as the Republic Day
rallies in Ankara and Istanbul to
protest what many secularists
view as the increasing authori-
Yesim Erdem contributed report-
ing.
Continued on Page A7
U.S. and Algeria Discuss
Ousting Mali Militants
Secretary of State Hillary
Rodham Clinton and Presi-
dent Abdelaziz Bouteflika of
Algeria, right, discussed ways
to counter a regional crisis.
maintains an interest in West Af-
rica and has been pressing for in-
ternational action.
Earlier this month, the United
Nations Security Council adopted
a resolution underscoring its
“readiness” to send an interna-
tional force to evict the militants
in response to a request from a
Mali government. While a mil-
itary plan has yet to be drafted,
the basic idea has been for forces
from Nigeria and other African
countries to help Mali’s military
mount a campaign against the
militants. France, the United
States and other countries would
help with training, intelligence
and logistics.
The support of Algeria, a re-
gional power and neighbor of
Mali, would be essential, diplo-
mats say. Algeria, which waged a
brutal war against militants in its
own country, has one of the
strongest militaries in the region
and an active intelligence serv-
ice. Algeria, Niger, Mali and Mau-
ritania have set up an intelli-
gence center in the southern Al-
gerian city of Tamanrasset to co-
ordinate efforts against Al Qaeda
and other regional threats.
“There is a strong recognition
that Algeria has to be a central
part of the solution,” an American
By MICHAEL R. GORDON
ALGIERS — Secretary of State
Hillary Rodham Clinton sought
Algeria’s backing on Monday for
an emerging international effort
to push Islamic militants out of
northern Mali, in a meeting here
with the president of Algeria,
Abdelaziz Bouteflika.
In several hours of discussions,
the two sides focused on the de-
teriorating situation in northern
Mali, which has become a sanctu-
ary for terrorists, including mil-
itants from Al Qaeda in the Is-
lamic Maghreb, since the nation-
al army lost control of the region
after a coup in March.
After the meetings, American
officials asserted that the Algeri-
ans’ and Americans’ political and
military approaches to the crisis
had begun to converge, but that
more work was needed. “We
have agreed to continue with in-
depth expert discussions,” Mrs.
Clinton said, “to determine the
most effective approaches that
we should be taking.”
The Islamist takeover of north-
ern Mali is a growing worry for
the United States and for France,
the former colonial power, which
American officials acknowledged
the value of reaching out to mod-
erate Tuaregs, but said the Unit-
ed States does not want to defer
the planning for a military cam-
paign while those contacts are
pursued.
“It’s very clear that a political
process and our counterterror-
ism efforts in Mali need to work
in parallel and be mutually re-
inforcing,” a senior State Depart-
ment official said.
The Islamist gains in Mali stem
from a number of factors. The fall
of Col. Muammar el-Qaddafi in
Libya prompted ethnic Tuareg
rebels from Mali, who had been
fighting alongside Colonel Qad-
dafi’s forces, to return to north-
ern Mali with weapons from Lib-
yan arsenals. They joined with
Qaeda-affiliated Islamist mili-
tants who had moved to the light-
ly policed region from Algeria,
and the two groups easily drove
out the weakened Malian army in
late March and early April. Then
the Islamists turned on the Tua-
regs, chasing them off and con-
solidating control in the region in
May and June.
After her stop in Algeria, Mrs.
Clinton traveled to Bosnia. She is
also scheduled to visit Serbia,
Kosovo, Croatia and Albania.
EUROPEAN PRESSPHOTO AGENCY
official said.
Algeria, however, has not al-
ways been supportive of an in-
ternational effort in Mali, partic-
ularly since the prospect of a mil-
itary campaign in Mali risked
pushing militants north into Al-
gerian territory and, in the Alge-
rians’ estimation, radicalizing the
Tuaregs, a nomadic group who
live in the desert area straddling
the borders of Algeria, Mali and
Niger.
But as security in Mali contin-
ued to deteriorate, the Algerians
have eased their objections.
“There is a Malian institutional
crisis,” the Algerian foreign min-
ister, Mourad Medelci, said on
Oct. 19 in an interview during an
international meeting in Bamako,
the capital of Mali.
“The Algerians are ready to
help,” he said.
Mrs. Clinton’s visit to Algeria,
her second to the country as sec-
retary of state, followed a series
of high-level meetings in Wash-
ington last week between Ameri-
can and Algerian officials.
France’s foreign minister visited
Algeria earlier this month.
In the meeting with Secretary
Clinton, President Bouteflika em-
phasized the political side of the
problem, noting steps that Al-
geria had taken to facilitate a dia-
logue between moderate Tuaregs
and
Adam Nossiter contributed re-
porting from Dakar, Senegal.
the
Malian
authorities.
INTERNATIONAL
A5
THE NEW YORK TIMES
TUESDAY, OCTOBER 30, 2012
N
Band Members in Putin Protest Said to Face Harsh Conditions
with 63.6 percent of the vote. Op-
ponents said the Kremlin’s domi-
nance over the mass media, ob-
stacles placed in the way of the
opposition, ballot-stuffing and the
extensive use of government re-
sources meant the vote was not
free or fair.
Last Thursday, he said that the
women “deserved what they got”
because their protest in the ca-
thedral amounted to “group sex”
and threatened the moral founda-
tions of Russia.
Polls have shown that in Rus-
sia’s predominantly conservative
society, in which Orthodox Chris-
tian believers are a majority,
most citizens approve of the jail
terms for the band members and
dislike their actions.
Asked about popular hostility
to the band, Ms. Samutsevich
said the Kremlin had used state
television channels to present a
distorted picture.
Viewers, she said, “didn’t see
us, they didn’t hear us because
the federal TV channels have
done their best to cut out our
speech.” Any section where the
lyrics could be heard was cut, she
said. “When people hear the lyr-
ics, they immediately understand
the purpose of our action,” she
said.
The lyrics began, “Virgin
Mary, Mother of God, banish
Putin, Virgin Mary, Mother of
God, banish him, we pray thee.”
MOSCOW (Reuters) — Two
women from the punk band Pus-
sy Riot who were sentenced to
prison terms for an anti-Putin
protest in a Moscow cathedral
face harsh prison camps with in-
adequate medicine and no hot
water despite subzero winter
temperatures, according to a re-
cently released bandmate.
The freed member, Yekaterina
Samutsevich, 30, spoke in an in-
terview in a small McDonald’s in
a town just outside Moscow be-
cause of concerns about her secu-
rity. The first part of the inter-
view was filmed, and took place
outside in a howling cold wind be-
cause the restaurant would not
allow TV cameras inside.
“The system itself is crum-
bling,” she said, adding: “Those
in power have very strong fears,
and their behavior is more and
more wild. We could end with a
total collapse like the Soviet Un-
ion.”
She and two bandmates were
given two-year sentences for
what prosecutors called “hooli-
ganism motivated by religious
hatred” for a punk prayer in Mos-
cow’s main cathedral last Febru-
ary, during which the balaclava-
clad women appealed to the Vir-
gin Mary to get rid of President
Vladimir V. Putin. Ms. Samut-
sevich, however, was freed in Oc-
tober, when an appeals court ap-
parently accepted her lawyer’s
argument that she had played a
relatively small role.
She described harsh conditions
at the prison camp in Mordovia,
about 300 miles southeast of Mos-
cow, where bandmate Nadezhda
Tolokonnikova has been sent to
serve her two-year sentence.
“There is no hot water in Mor-
dovia and there are only special
prison clothes given out which
are very cold for the weather,”
she said. “There is no medicine.”
She said that “if someone gets
sick and nobody helps them, they
can die — unfortunately there
have been such cases and they
happen periodically.”
The other jailed group mem-
ber, Maria Alyokhina, is bound
for a prison camp in the Urals
city of Perm, a location used to
jail political prisoners in the Sovi-
et era. She has not yet arrived.
Mr. Putin is now starting a
fresh six-year term as president,
having won an election in March
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